Technical Background

Vitamins are compounds required in minute concentrations for vital metabolic reactions; the amounts of vitamins required for a given species varies. Short-term vitamin deficiencies can typically be tolerated by most organisms, however long-term deficiencies tend to result in abnormalities, poor health, and eventually even death of the specimen. Conversely, if severely overdosed, ingested vitamins can have a negative impact on a specimen by way of toxicity, though the impact is unlikely to be permanent. Decreasing the vitamin dosage typically results in full recovery of the affected specimen. For these reasons, it is recommended that V+tamarin-M be utilized either as a means of delivering vitamins to aquarium inhabitants through food or by direct addition to the water, but not both.

All Brightwell Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made with purified water and high purity materials. We develop formulae for aquaria based on empirical data, using observation and measurement rather than theory.

V+tamarin-M does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity of the vitamins. Refrigeration will maximize the shelf-life of the product.

Instructions and Guidelines

If using to fortify food (recommended): Place food in a clean container such as a small bowl or cup and add only enough V+tamarin-M to saturate. Allow at least 5 minutes to elapse before feeding, enabling adequate time for the vitamins to become thoroughly absorbed by the food. Liquid food suspensions may be fortified by adding 1 ml (approximately 8 drops) V+tamarin-M per 10 ml of food suspension; stir to mix and allow 5 minutes to elapse before feeding. Maximum benefit of any liquid food suspension is achieved when the food is target-fed to the intended organisms rather than poured into a stream of water and allowed to disperse randomly throughout the aquarium.
If adding directly to aquarium water: Begin by adding 2 ml (approximately 16 drops) of V+tamarin-M per 20 US-gallons of water weekly for the first four weeks of use; this corresponds to adding approximately 2 drops per 20 US-gallons each day. Then, gradually increase the weekly dosage to 4 ml per 20 US-gallons over the following four weeks and maintain this dosage. [Note: if using V+tamarin-M in conjunction with Brightwell Aquatics KMralle-VM, decrease dosages by 50%.] Starting at a low dosage will not cause any harm to the livestock, and will enable you to notice subtle changes in the appearance of the system that indicate the effectiveness and need for the product.

Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption.

Guaranteed Analysis

Vitamin-A Propionate (min): 19.5 IU/oz.; Thiamine (B1) (min): 15.6 mg/oz.; Riboflavin (B2) (min): 15.6 mg/oz.; Niacin (B3) (min): 265.6 mg/oz.; Pantothenic Acid (B5) (min): 39.1 mg/oz.; Pyridoxine (B6) (min): 15.6 mg/oz.; Biotin (B7) (min): 0.8 mcg/oz.; Folic Acid (B9) (min): 2.0 mcg/oz.; Cyanocobalamin (B12) (min): 3.8 mcg/oz.; Ascorbic Acid (C) (min): 359.4 mg/oz.; Cholecalciferol (D) (min): 1,560 IU/oz.; Tocopherol (E) (min): 45.5 IU/oz.; Menadione (K) (min): 0.016 mcg/oz.

Ingredients

Purified water, Ascorbic acid, Niacin, dl-a-tocopherol acetate, Calcium pantothenate, Thiamine hydrochloride, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine hydrochloride, Cholecalciferol, Vitamin-A propionate, Cyanocobalamin, Folic acid, Biotin, Menadione dimethylpyrimidinol